Research |
Program for Computational Reactive Mechanics (PCRM)Anthropogenic
Emissions from energy activities in India:
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Contents Part I: Emissions from Thermal Power Plants using Coal as Fuel |
Part II: Emissions from Vehicular Transport using Petroleum Fuel Vehicles in India Emissions from Internal Combustion Engines Petroleum Fuels used in India Fuel Stoichiometry Engines for Vehicular Transport Exhaust Emissions Indian Scenario Emissions Factors and Available Inventory Appendix |
Background
India is the world's second most populous nation. Its population has grown from 300 million in 1947 to more than a billion today. Rising population and increasing rates of energy consumption, consistent with rapid economic growth and changes in life styles, exacerbate the process of environmental degradation in developing countries like India and China. Table 1 provides a comparison of the basic data for energy consumption and emissions for India, China, and the United States, as given in World development indicators. Per capita energy consumption in India for 1997 was 19.16 million BTU, compared to 323 million BTU in the United States and a world average of 64.8 million BTU. By the year 2010, per capita energy usage in India is expected to increase around 40 million BTU. India's per capita energy consumption and carbon emissions are relatively low. In 1997, India emitted 0.3 metric tons of carbon per person, approximately one quarter of the world average and 20 times less than the United States. India's low per-capita emissions are compensated by large population making it the sixth largest greenhouse gas emitter in the world. With 4.0 percent annual growth rate in energy consumption, India is projected to be a major contributor of the GHGs and other pollutants increasingly warranting appropriate corrective measures.
Table 1: Basic data for India, China, and United States
Variables |
India |
China |
United States |
Units |
Population |
962.4 |
1,227 |
267.7 |
Millions |
Gross domestic product |
420.8 |
898 |
7,844 |
US$ billions |
Commercial energy production |
404,503 |
1,097,210 |
1,683,810 |
Thousand metric tons of oil equivalent1 |
Commercial energy consumption |
461,032 |
113,050 |
2,162,190 |
Thousand metric tons of oil equivalent |
Average annual percentage growth |
3.9 |
4.0 |
1.4 |
% |
Commercial energy use per capita |
479 |
907 |
8076 |
Kg of oil equivalent |
Average annual percentage growth |
1.9 |
2.6 |
0.4 |
% |
GDP per unit of energy use |
4.2 |
3.3 |
3.6 |
PPP2 $ per kg oil equivalent |
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions |
1029.2 |
3,108.0 |
5,374.3 |
Million metric tons |
Carbon dioxide emissions per capita |
1.1 |
2.5 |
20.0 |
Metric tons |
1One metric ton of oil equivalent = 40 million BTU
2PPP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates.
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