Program for Computational Reactive Mechanics (PCRM)

The Kolkata region had somewhat higher ozone concentrations, spanning 20º N to 25º N and 85º E to 90º E. In the area between 24º N to 24.5º N and 87º E to 87.5º E, for example, ozone concentration reached above the 90 ppbv mark a total of 1 time over the 135 day period, and was found in the 80-89 region a total of 11 times. The Kolkata region also averaged in the 70-79 range of ppbv 24 times, and the 60-69 range was averaged a total of 70 times. The total of hotspots peaked in Kolkata between 85ºE to 86º E and 24º N to 25º N over the 135 day time period. Hotspots reached more than 90 ppbv a total of 16 times between 86ºE to 87º E and 20º N to 21º N.

The Chennai region indicates the area in India between 10.5º N to 15º N and 75º E to 82º E. The square representing 10.5º N to 11º N and 75º E to 75.5ºE, shows that the ozone concentration in surface air was between 60-69 ppbv on 24 separate days in the 135 day period, and there were only 11 days when concentration reached 70-79 ppbv. There was 1 day when ozone concentration reached the 90+ range of ppbv, and in fact there were only 7 total appearances in the area, where ozone concentrations reached the 80 ppbv range. 75º E to 76º E and 10º N to 11º N encompasses the area in which Chennai hotspots occurred most often; and it is also the place in which the hotspots peaked in the above 90 ppbv category.

The Varanasi region encompasses 25º N to 30º N and 80º E to 85º E. In the area between 29.5º N to 30º N and 84.5º E to 85º E there were 45 days where the daytime average of ozone concentration in the surface air was between 60-69, as compared to 32 days where the daytime average was between 70-79. In the span from January 16 to May 29, 2000 (135 days), the daytime average of ozone concentration was within the 80-89 ppbv range at least 19 times, and reached the field including 90 ppbv and above on 3 separate occasions. In Varanasi, hotspots occurred most often in the area between 82º E to 83º E and 25º N to 26º N, while the highest ppbv in the above 90 range occurred in the area between 84º E to 85º E and 28º N to 29º N.

The Mumbai region rests in the area between 15º N to 20º N and 70º E to 74.5º E. In the area between 16.5º N to 17º N and 72º E to 72.5º E the daytime average of ozone concentration peaked in the 60-69 range of ppbv, holding for 21 days in the 135 day period. There were also 19 days when the concentration was between 70-79 ppbv, and 4 days where the concentration fell between 80-89 ppbv. In the given space of the region of Mumbai, there were 2 days where the concentration averaged in the 90+ range of ppbv. In the area between 77º E to 78º E and 16º N to 17º N, the hotspots were most frequent in Mumbai over the 135 day time period. In the same area, the hotspots in the above 90 ppbv range peaked as well.

The Rajsthan region encompasses 25º N to 30º N and 70º E to 74.5º E. In the area between 28.5º N to 29º N and 74º E to 74.5º E there were 41 days where the daytime average of ozone concentration in the surface air was between 60-69, and only 3 days where the daytime average was between 70-79. In the span from January 16 to May 29, 2000 (135 days), the daytime average of ozone concentration was never higher than 80 ppbv, thus never even reaching the field including 90 ppbv and above. In Rajsthan, the area with the highest value of hotspots over the given time span fall between 74º E to 75º E and 26º N to 27º N.

The Ahemdabad region covers the land between 20º N to 25º N and 70º E to 74.5º E. According to the collected data, there were 0 days when the daytime average of ozone concentration was greater than 90 ppbv over the whole region; but there were 2 days when ozone concentrations averaged in the 80-89 range of ppbv, 6 days when it was between 70-79, and 9 days when the ozone concentration only reached between 60-69 ppbv in the area marked for 20º N to 20.5º N and 70.5º E to 71º E. For Ahemdabad, the highest total concentration of hotspots took place in the area between 71º E to 72º E and 20º N to 21º N.

The Orrisa region is somewhat larger, spanning 15º N to 20º N and 80º E to 85º E. In the area between 18º N to 18.5º N and 84º E to 84.5º E ozone concentration reached above the 90 ppbv mark a total of 3 times over the 135 day period, and was found in the 80-89 region a total of 7 times. The Orrisa region also averaged in the 70-79 range of ppbv 11 times, and the 60-69 range was averaged a total of 15 times. The area within Orrisa with the highest prevalence of hotspots in the 135 day time period fell between 83º E to 84º E and 19º N to 20º N; and the highest number of hotspots within the 90+ ppbv range fell within these same coordinates.

The MP region is situated from 20º N to 25º N and 75º E to 79.5º E and includes the city of Nagpur. The ozone concentration in surface air did not reach above the 80-89 range of ppbv over the 135 day time period from January 16 to May 29, 2000. For instance, in the region between 20.5º N to 21º N and 75º E to 75.5º E ozone concentration reached the 70-79 range of ppbv only 1 time, and the other 17 times fell between 60-69 ppbv. The highest number of hotspots for the MP region can be found in the area between 79º E to 80º E and 24º N to 25º N.

The Chattishgarh region rests in the area between 20º N to 25º N and 80º E to 85º E. In the area between 23º N to 23.5º N and 82.5º E to 83º E the daytime average of ozone concentration peaked in the 60-69 range of ppbv, holding for 52 days in the 135 day period. There were also 9 days when the concentration was between 70-79 ppbv, and 2 days where the concentration fell between 80-89 ppbv. In the region of Chattishgarh, there were no days where the concentration averaged in the 90+ range of ppbv. In Chattishgarh, the highest total of hotspots fell within the area 83º E to 84º E and 24º N to 25º N.

The Punjab region indicates the area in India between 30º N to 35º N and 75º E to 79.5º E. The square representing 32º N to 32.5º N and 77º E to 77.5ºE, shows that the ozone concentration in surface air was between 60-69 ppbv on 30 separate days in the 135 day period, and there were only 3 days when concentration reached 70-79 ppbv. There were no days when ozone concentration reached the 90+ range of ppbv, and in fact there were only 7 total appearances in the whole of the Punjab region, where ozone concentrations even reached the 80 ppbv range. Within the Punjab region, in the area between 78º E to 79º E and 33º N to 34º N, the hotspots reached their highest number.