While our Python installations come with many popular packages installed, you may come upon a case in which you need an additional package that is not installed. If the specific package you are looking for is available from anaconda.org (formerlly binstar.org), you can easily install it and required dependencies by using the conda package manager.
Procedure
The following steps are an example of how to set up a Python environment and install packages to a local directory using conda. We use the name local for the environment, but you may use any other name.
Load proper Python module
We have python and miniconda3 modules. python modules are based on Anaconda package manager, and miniconda3 module is based on Miniconda package manager. python modules are typically recommended when you use Python in a standard environment that we provide. However, if you want to create your own python environment, we recommend using miniconda3 module, since you can start with minimal configurations.
module load miniconda3
Create Python installation to local directory
Three alternative create commands are listed. These cover the most common cases.
CREATE NEW ENVIRONMENT
The following will create a minimal Python installation without any extraneous packages:
conda create -n local
CLONE BASE ENVIRONMENT
If you want to clone the full base Python environment from the system, you may use the following create command:
conda create -n local --clone base
CREATE NEW ENVIRONMENT WITH SPECIFIC PACKAGES
You can augment the command above by listing specific packages you would like installed into the environment. For example, the following will create a minimal Python installation with only the specified packages (in this case, numpy and babel):
conda create -n local numpy babel
By default, conda will install the newest versions of the packages it can find. Specific versions can be specified by adding =<version> after the package name. For example, the following will create a Python installation with Python version 2.7 and NumPy version 1.16:
conda create -n local python=2.7 numpy=1.16
To verify that a clone has been created, use the command
conda info -e
For additional conda command documentation see https://docs.conda.io/projects/conda/en/latest/commands.html#conda-general-commands
Activate environment
Before the created environment can be used, it must be activated.
For the bash shell:
source activate local
At the end of the conda create step, you may saw a message from the installer that you can use conda activate command for activating environment. But, please don't use conda activate command, because it will try to update your shell configuration file and it may cause other issues. So, please use source activate command as we suggest above.
On newer versions of Anaconda on the Owens cluster you may also need to perform the removal of the following packages before trying to install your specific packages:
conda remove conda-build
conda remove conda-env
Install packages
To install additional packages, use the conda install command. For example, to install the yt package:
conda install yt
By default, conda will install the newest version if the package that it can find. Specific versions can be specified by adding =<version> after the package name. For example, to install version 1.16 of the NumPy package:
conda install numpy=1.16
If you need to install packages with pip, then you can install pip in your virtual environment by
conda install pip
Then, you can install packages with pip as
pip install PACKAGE
Please make sure that you have installed pip in your enviroment not using one from the miniconda module. The pip from the miniconda module will give access to the pacakges from the module to your environemt which may or may not be desired. Also set export PYTHONNOUSERSITE=True to prevent packages from user's .local path.
Test Python package
Now we will test our installed Python package by loading it in Python and checking its location to ensure we are using the correct version. For example, to test that NumPy is installed correctly, run
python -c "from __future__ import print_function; import numpy; print(numpy.__file__)"
and verify that the output generally matches
$HOME/.conda/envs/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/numpy/__init__.py
To test installations of other packages, replace all instances of numpy with the name of the package you installed.
Remember, you will need to load the proper version of Python before you go to use your newly installed package. Packages are only installed to one version of Python.
Install your own Python packages
If the method using conda above is not working, or if you prefer, you can consider installing Python packages from the source. Please read HOWTO: install your own Python packages.
But I use virtualenv and/or pip!
See the comparison to these package management tools here:
https://docs.conda.io/projects/conda/en/latest/commands.html#conda-vs-pip-vs-virtualenv-commands
Use pip only without conda package manager
pip installations are supported:
module load python module list # check which python you just loaded pip install --user --upgrade PACKAGE # where PACKAGE is a valid package name
Note the default installation prefix is set to the system path where OSC users cannot install the package. With the option --user, the prefix is set to $HOME/.local where lib, bin, and other top-level folders for the installed packages are placed. Finally, the option --upgrade will upgrade the existing packages to the newest available version.
The one issue with this approach is portability with multiple Python modules. If you plan to stick with a single Python module, then this should not be an issue. However, if you commonly switch between different Python versions, then be aware of the potential trouble in using the same installation location for all Python versions.
Use pip in a Python virtual environment (Python 3 only)
Typically, you can install packages with the methods shown in Install packages section above, but in some cases where the conda package installations have no source from conda channels or have dependency issues, you may consider using pip in an isolated Python virtual environment.
To create an isolated virtual environment:
module reset python3 -m venv --without-pip $HOME/venv/mytest --prompt "local" source $HOME/venv/mytest/bin/activate (local) curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py |python # get the newest version of pip (local) deactivate
where we use the path $HOME/venv/mytest and the name local for the environment, but you may use any other path and name.
To activate and deactivate the virtual environment:
source $HOME/venv/mytest/bin/activate (local) deactivate
To install packages:
source $HOME/venv/mytest/bin/activate (local) pip install PACKAGE
You don't need the --user option within the virtual environment.
Further Reading
Conda Test Drive: https://conda.io/docs/test-drive.html